INTRODUCTION
When We talk about teaching it is a complex process which needs a systematic planning. It constitutes different steps and these steps are known as Phases of Teaching, these phases includes Planning Stage, Execution Stage and Evaluation Stage which further constitutes different steps. Today, we are going to learn about these different phases of teaching which plays a significant role in making teaching effective. So, let’s start….
PRE ACTIVE PHASE (PLANNING STAGE)
Before organizing anything the planning step is a must. So, in this phase planning of teaching is carried over. It comprises all the activities which a teacher performs before entering the classroom.
Lesson planning is focused here and Planning includes –
1. DETERMINATION OF GOALS
- It is achieved in terms of students learning.
- Teacher determines the teaching objective in terms of behavioral changes.
2. CONTENT SELECTION
- After deciding the objectives of teaching selection of the content which is to be presented before the learners is decided.
- The following points are considered during content selection-
- Level, Need, Importance of Curriculum proposed by Teacher for Learners.
- The expected terminal behavior of the learners that means the expected learning outcomes.
- Selection of Appropriate method to evaluate content related knowledge.
- Level and Mode of motivation to be used for learners.
3. SEQUENCING OF ELEMENT OF CONTENT
Elements of the content is arranged in a logical, sequential and psychological manner to facilitate transfer of learning.
4. SELECTION OF TEACHING STRATEGY
It is essential to decide the teaching strategy which is suitable according to the content that is being presented at that time so, it requires a skillful teacher to select the proper strategy by keeping in view the content, entering behavior and level of learners.
INTERACTIVE PHASE (EXECUTION STAGE)
Even after a great plan , if it is not executed well it is a failure of teaching or any task. So, In Execution of the plan students are provided with learning experiences through suitable methods.
The following activities are suggested for inclusion in the interactive phase of teaching-
1. SIZING UP OF THE CLASS
As the Teacher enters the classroom, firstly, he observes the size of class and then he identifies the learners who can help him in his teaching and others who can create problem this is known as the sizing up of the class.
2. DIAGNOSIS OF LEARNER
After determining the class size, a teacher makes efforts to know the interests, attitudes, abilities and academic background of the learners. Previous knowledge of learners is analyzed for future instructional planning.
3. ACTION/REACTION
Teaching process is started after diagnosing by questioning regarding action and reaction for which two types of activities are involved-
- Initiation
- Response
Both of these are known as verbal interaction between teacher and learners, the teacher performs the following activities in order to analyze the nature of verbal and non verbal interaction of teaching activities.
STIMULI SELECTION
Stimulus can be verbal and non verbal and A teacher should do appropriate stimulus selection and undesired activities should be controlled.
PRESENTATION OF STIMULI
After selecting stimuli it is presented in such a way that it motivates the learners for learning.
REINFORCEMENT OR FEEDBACK
When we appreciate someone or something they try to do better therefore Reinforcement increases the possibility for accepting a particular response in future.
POST ACTIVE PHASE (EVALUATION OR FEEDBACK STAGE)
POST ACTIVE PHASE OR POST TEACHING PHASE involves teacher’s activities such as evaluating the student’s learning, specially their problems in understanding specific areas, to reflect on teaching by self and then decide the necessary changes to be brought in the system of next instructional period.
Evaluation activities includes tests or quizzes or by observing student’s reactions on questions. In this the teaching tasks sums up, the teacher asks questions verbally or in written form to measure the behavior so their achievements can be evaluated correctly.
1. APPROPRIATE SELECTION OF TESTING DEVICE
Appropriate testing devices and techniques are selected to evaluate the cognitive and non cognitive aspects of learners, Generally Criterion Tests are preferred more than Performance Tests.
2. INCORPORATING CHANGES ACCORDING TO THE EVIDENCES
The Strategies are changed and incorporated on the basis of evidence gathered by using reliable and valid testing devices. Teacher analyze the performance of learners and also comes to know about the required modification in the teaching methods and strategies along with the weaknesses of his teaching in order to achieve the desired teaching objectives. By doing this, teaching activities are diagnosed and made effective by required modifications.
CONCLUSION
Teaching is a noble profession where a teacher plays the significant role but the central role is played by the learner. The ultimate aim of teaching is to prepare the learners for life with truthful and scientific knowledge which helps him to lead a better life. For a Teacher, it becomes really important to plan his lesson in advance to facilitate the learning and to make his teaching effective by using different teaching aids and strategies which suits the needs of the learners. So, we can say that along with the interactive phase of teaching post teaching phase is important to make the future lessons effective.
I hope this article helped you to understand phases of teaching in a easy way, If you have any query or suggestion feel free to write it in the comment section. See you in the next article, Till then Keep Learning. For more posts Visit https://edusights.com/.