SOCIALIZATION: MEANING, FEATURES AND TYPES

We have heard a lot about Man being a social animal which means he lives in the society throughout his whole life and for that he had to learn social norms according to the social group he joins which can be termed as different types of socialization, In this article we are going to discuss What is socialization, its features and types and at the end you will be able to answer the above questions related to socialization.

WHAT IS SOCIALIZATION?

• Socialization is the process of internalizing the norms and ideologies of society as every society has its own code of conduct, rules and regulations along with norms and values.
• Children and Adults learn from each other by the process of socialization.
• Socialization continues throughout life as man is a social being who learns new things from social experiences.

FEATURES OF SOCIALIZATION

• It inculcates basic discipline.
• It helps in controlling human behavior.
• It makes a man social being as a person is not social by birth.
• It is a continuous process.
• It grooms the personality as a person learns the social norms and values which helps him to interact with people efficiently.
• It helps an individual to perform his different roles in society.

TYPES OF SOCIALIZATION

1. PRIMARY SOCIALIZATION

• It takes place early in life as a child and adolescent.
• It begins from childhood.
• Identity of self is formed at this time.
• It forms basis for secondary socialization.

 2. SECONDARY SOCIALIZATION

• It takes place throughout one’s life.
• It may vary as every individual face different situations in life.
• To enter in a new group requires additional socialization by modifying previous concepts.

3. DEVELOPMENTAL SOCIALIZATION

• It involves a learning process where an individual focus on developing social skills like- verbal communication, sharing, cooperation, making eye contact, listening, following directions, respecting elderly .
• These social skills once developed helps an individual to lead a productive life.

4. ANTICIPATORY SOCIALIZATION

• It is the process through which an individual learn norms and values of a group in anticipation of joining that particular group in future.
• Here, an individual learns how to act in his new role
• for example:-  giving adolescents responsibilities to prepare them for future roles as adults like- babysitting, house chores and part time job.

5. RESOCIALIZATION

• It is a process of discarding previous behavioral patterns and replacing them with the new patterns.
• Here, new behavioral patterns becomes an integral part of his life.
• It generally happens due to a radical change in life.
• For example:-Risk free greetings replaced hugs and handshakes during Covid 19 pandemic.

6. NARROW SOCIALIZATION

• It promotes interdependence among individuals.
• It develops values like obedience and conformity.
• It majorly focuses on the needs and interests of the group.
• It paves the way for self reliance and self esteem in future.

7. BROAD SOCIALIZATION

• It promotes independence of an individual.
• An individual develops self esteem which makes him capable to any given task in future.
• It mainly focuses on self reflection.
• It helps in self reflection and understanding of self.

8. NATURAL SOCIALIZATION

• It  occurs naturally in a natural settings when a child begins to explore the surroundings.
• The child discovers new things in the environment which helps him to understand the social world around him.
• For example: A person learns the basic etiquettes from his family, he follow what he sees.

9. PLANNED SOCIALIZATION

• It occurs in the formal settings where a trainer teaches the trainee and help him to develop social skills.
• Man is not social by birth, he learns it from the surroundings and if a person is unable to develop social skills he takes help of an expert.
• For example:- A person who is shy and unable to express himself well takes personality development classes.

10. POSITIVE SOCIALIZATION

• It is developed when an individual has pleasant experiences.
• When an individual gets favorable and productive environment it results in high self esteem.
• For example:- A child with high self esteem believes in his capabilities which gives him autonomy to do things, his past achievements paves the way for future achievements.

11. NEGATIVE SOCIALIZATION

• It is developed when a person has unpleasant experiences.
• When an individual is continuously criticized and punished it results in low self esteem.
• For example:- A child with low self esteem feels that he is good for nothing and he fears to do any task, his past bad experiences rules his life.
• •Eve teasing, bullying and negative comments can affect a person’s life badly.

CONCLUSION

Every society has its codes of conduct ,rules and regulations and every culture clearly demarcates the desirable and undesirable behavior in different social contexts. An individual has to learn new rules and regulations if he wish to join a new social group. As a man is a social being socialization continues throughout life and different agencies like family, economic status, education, legal systems, language, media, religion and peer groups play a significant role in socialization. Have questions? Let me know in the comments below. I’ll try my best to answer all of them.

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